Dead Sea Scrolls
Displays the oldest surviving Hebrew manuscript witnesses (c. 200 BCE–70 CE) word-by-word with lexical glosses, revealing the pre-standardization Hebrew text before the Masoretes fixed the tradition — where it diverges from the MT, a different ancient reading is preserved.
Septuagint
Displays the Greek translation (Rahlfs 1935 critical edition, c. 280–150 BCE) token-by-token with TBESG glosses, representing the Hebrew Vorlage as the Alexandrian translators read it — any word not matching the MT column signals they were working from a different Hebrew text.
Vulgate
Displays Jerome’s Latin translation (Stuttgart critical edition, Weber-Gryson 5th ed., c. 382–405 CE) word-by-word with Whitaker’s Words glosses, positioned chronologically between the Greek and Hebrew traditions and reflecting Jerome’s own reading of the Hebrew with reference to the LXX.
Masoretic Text
Displays the Westminster Leningrad Codex (the oldest complete Hebrew Bible, 1008/1009 CE) word-by-word with BDB lexical glosses, representing the standardized rabbinic text that became the basis of all modern Old Testament translations and the anchor column against which the three older traditions are compared.